Vitamin B6 occurs in 3 forms–pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine. B6 is absorbed inside the large intestine. The muscle stores more or less 75-80 % of the vitamin while the live stores about 5 10 %.
B6 is required for transaminations, decarboxylations, dehydratases, side chain cleavage reactions, and ammonia release. Its aldehyde group acts as a Schiff base to react with the amino groups of amino acids. It basically acts to shuttle nitrogen between compounds.
Functions- The 3 forms of B6 can all be turned in on the coenzyme PLP that aids in transamination and protein metabolism. PLP is essential for glycogen degradation; furthermore, it helps with the development of the neurotransmitter, serotonin, the nonprotein portion of hemoglobin (heme), nucleic acids, and lecithin. Vitamin B6 is essential for the metabolism of tryptophan to niacin.
Overall Reactions:
· Transaminations These responses are necessary to recycle and reuse nitrogen in the body. They’re the first stage in amino acid catabolism as well as the very last phase in the synthesis of nonessential amino acids. Example: a-ketoglutarate + asparate glutamate + oxaloacetate
· Serine/ Threonine Deamination (Dehydratases) This reaction provides the production of the a keto acids of serine and also threonine through oxidative removal of N as ammonia Example: Serine a-keto-serine + NH4+
· Decarboxylation These reactions often occur on the neuroactive amines of seratonin, tyramine, histamine, and GABA. They are undoubtedly crucial in porphyrin synthesis, intermediates within the synthesis of sphingomyelin, taurine and lecithin, and for the breakdown and desulfuration of cysteine.
· Glycogen Phosphorylase 50 % of all B6 within the body is bound to glycogen phosphorylase however, the value is unknown. The response is crucial for recycling of folate and is as follows:
Serine glycine + 5,10-methylene-THF
Deficiency Deficiencies of vitamin B6 are pretty uncommon. Individuals with a diet lacking in vitamin B6 will first show signs of weakness, nervousness, insomnia, irritability, and hydrated skin lesions. meal prep service advanced symptoms consist of growth failure, impaired motor function, hypochromic microcytic anemia, sleek tongue, and convulsions.
The impaired motor performance as well as other psychological problems can be traced to a reduction in amino acid-based neurotransmitters (serotonin, tyramine, GABA, epinephrine). You see a growth in urea excretion due to a decrease synthesis of nonessential amino acids. The nitrogen from these amino acids is not reused by transamination and instead is excreted and lost. You see an increase in urinary excretion especially in the next amino acids: metabolites of glycine, methionine, and tryptophan. The hypochromic microcytic anemia is due to the fact that there’s a decreased synthesis of the B6 dependent porphyrin ring of hemoglobin.
People who are at most risk include the aged with inadequate vitamin intake, hemodialysis patients, alcoholics, and those people who are on drug therapy. General, individuals with a high metabolic stress.
Sources Foods richest in vitamin B6 include:
o whole grains o legumes o nuts o navy beans o walnuts o meat (sirloin plus chicken) o fish (salmon and shellfish) o bananas along with apples o broccoli and spinach
Therapeutics Vitamin B6 may provide healing advantages due to the second syndromes: carpal tunnel syndrome, glucose intolerance, sideroblastic anemia, neurologic disorders, hyperoxaluria, convulsive seizures, monosodium glutarate (MSG) intolerance, premenstral syndrome (Immune function and pms). In addition, vitamin B6 may well help to reduce homocysteine levels and hence the chance of developing cardiovascular disease.